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Sunflowers are flowering plants belonging to the genus Helianthus, most commonly Helianthus annuus, which is widely cultivated for its attractive, large, yellow composite flowers and edible seeds. The plant typically grows to a height of one to two meters but can reach up to three meters in some varieties. The sunflower head consists of a central disc of numerous small tubular florets that produce the seed, surrounded by ray florets that function mainly as attractants for pollinators.

The species is native to North America, where it thrives in well-drained, sunny soils. Sunflowers have a deep taproot that helps them withstand dry conditions and supports their tall stature. They are easy to grow, often used as educational tools in schools due to their rapid growth, noticeable phototropism, and easy identification. The seeds are harvested for consumption, oil extraction, and bird feed. Sunflower oil is valued for its neutral flavor, high smoke point, and content of unsaturated fatty acids.

Culturally, sunflowers have appeared in art, folklore, and symbolism worldwide. They are associated with joy, enlightenment, and resilience, partly because they turn to follow the sun—a trait known as heliotropism—throughout the day. The plant’s iconic presence in landscapes, festivals, and as a decorative element further underscores its status as both a practical crop and a symbol of positivity.