suhkurtõbe

Suhkurtõbi, more commonly known as diabetes mellitus, is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated levels of glucose in the blood. This occurs because the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar.

There are several main types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the body's immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. It typically develops in childhood or adolescence and requires lifelong insulin therapy. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form and usually develops over time. In this type, the body either doesn't produce enough insulin or the cells become resistant to insulin's effects. Lifestyle factors like obesity and lack of physical activity are significant contributors to type 2 diabetes. Gestational diabetes is a temporary condition that occurs during pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth, though it increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.

Symptoms of diabetes can include increased thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, increased hunger, fatigue, blurred vision, and slow-healing sores. If left untreated, diabetes can lead to serious long-term complications affecting the heart, blood vessels, nerves, eyes, and kidneys. Diagnosis is typically made through blood tests measuring glucose levels. Management strategies often involve diet, exercise, medication, and regular monitoring of blood sugar.