sugárzásszindrómát

Sugárzásszindróma, also known as radiation sickness or acute radiation syndrome (ARS), is a constellation of illnesses that occur after exposure to a high dose of ionizing radiation. The severity of the syndrome depends on the total dose of radiation absorbed, the rate at which it was received, and the parts of the body exposed. Symptoms can range from mild to life-threatening.

The syndrome typically affects individuals who have been exposed to external sources of radiation, such as nuclear accidents or attacks. It is not contagious and cannot be passed from person to person. The onset and type of symptoms vary based on the radiation dose. At lower doses, symptoms might include nausea and vomiting, which can appear within hours of exposure. As the dose increases, more severe effects can manifest.

The hematopoietic syndrome, affecting the bone marrow and immune system, is characterized by a drop in blood cell counts, leading to increased susceptibility to infection and bleeding. The gastrointestinal syndrome occurs at higher doses and damages the lining of the digestive tract, causing severe nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration. At very high doses, the central nervous system (CNS) syndrome can develop, leading to neurological damage, seizures, and rapid death.

Treatment for sugárzásszindróma focuses on supportive care, including managing nausea, preventing infection with antibiotics, and potentially blood transfusions. In some cases, bone marrow transplantation may be considered. Early medical intervention and decontamination are crucial for improving outcomes.