sugárhajtás

Sugárhajtás, often translated as jet propulsion, is a method of imparting momentum to a fluid and discharging it at a high velocity to create thrust. This principle is fundamental to the operation of jet engines, which are widely used in aircraft and missiles. The core concept relies on Newton's third law of motion: for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

In a typical jet engine, air is drawn into the engine, compressed, mixed with fuel, and then ignited. The resulting combustion creates a high-temperature, high-pressure gas that expands rapidly. This expanding gas is then expelled at high speed through a nozzle at the rear of the engine. The force of the gas exiting the nozzle pushes the engine and anything attached to it forward, generating thrust.

There are several types of jet propulsion systems, including turbojets, turbofans, ramjets, and rockets. Turbojets are the simplest form, using a turbine to drive the compressor. Turbofans are more common in modern aircraft and are more fuel-efficient, as they bypass a significant portion of the air around the core engine to generate additional thrust. Ramjets are simpler still, relying on the forward motion of the vehicle to compress incoming air, and are effective at high speeds. Rockets, unlike air-breathing engines, carry their own oxidizer and are not dependent on atmospheric air, making them suitable for space travel.