studna

Studna is a term used in Czech and several Slavic languages to denote a well—a structure that provides access to groundwater. A well typically consists of a shaft or borehole, a lining to prevent collapse, a water-tight cap, and a means to bring water to the surface, such as a hand pump, a suction pump, or an electric pump. Wells may be dug, drilled, or driven, with designs varying by depth and local geology.

Dug wells are shallow and often lined with masonry or stone, while drilled or bored wells reach greater depths and use steel or plastic casings with screens. Driven wells are installed by driving a pipe into the ground and are common in areas with loose soils or where a quick water source is needed. The quality of water from a well depends on aquifer conditions, well construction, and surface protection from contamination.

Maintenance and safety are important for well water. Regular inspection, groundwater testing, cleaning, and disinfection help prevent contamination. Proper sealing of the wellhead, protection from surface runoff, and ongoing pump maintenance reduce risks and prolong the life of the installation.

Beyond the common noun, Studna is also the name of several villages or municipalities in the Czech Republic and other Slavic regions, often reflecting historical wells or water sources at those sites.

In summary, studna refers to a groundwater source structure central to rural water supply and remains a common element in historical and modern landscapes.