stoße

Stoße is a German word that most commonly appears as a verb form derived from stoßen. In the present tense it denotes the first-person singular: ich stoße, meaning “I push,” “I thrust,” or “I strike.” The verb paradigms include du stößt, er stößt, wir stoßen, ihr stoßt, sie stoßen; the simple past is stieß, the past participle gestossen or gestoßen in modern spelling, and the auxiliary in the perfect tense is haben (ich habe gestoßen). Examples include Ich stoße die Tür auf or Wir stoßen gegen die Wand.

In standard noun usage, the related noun is der Stoß, meaning a push, shove, or impact. Its plural is die Stöße, not Stoße, and the dative plural is den Stößen. Thus, Stoße as a standalone noun is not the standard form; it is generally encountered only as a verb form or in historical/dialectal spellings rather than as a noun.

In addition to everyday movement, the term Stoß appears in technical and scientific contexts. In physics and engineering, Stoß (often written as Stoß) can refer to an impact or impulse in older or domain-specific language; modern German more commonly uses Impuls for impulse and Stoßkräfte or Stoßrichtung for related concepts like impact forces or direction of impact. The word also forms part of compound terms such as Stoßrichtung (direction of impact) or Stoßkräfte (impact forces).

Etymology and spelling reflect its Germanic origins, with the verb stoßen belonging to a class of strong verbs that alter its stem in different tenses and forms.