stink

Stink is a term used to describe a notably unpleasant odor. It is often used interchangeably with stench, though stench can imply a particularly foul or lingering odor. The word can also function as a verb, meaning to emit a foul odor or to perform poorly in another sense.

Malodors arise from volatile compounds produced by microbial decay, chemical reactions, or strong materials. Common sources include rotting organic matter, garbage, sewage, manure, spoiled food, and certain industrial processes. Specific examples include hydrogen sulfide from decomposing matter and sulfur- or ammonia-containing compounds that create sharp, persistent smells. Not all strong odors are harmful, but many malodors signal contamination, decay, or waste buildup.

Perception of stink involves the olfactory system. Odor molecules bind to receptors in the nasal cavity, generating neural signals that are interpreted as smell. Sensitivity to odors varies among individuals and can be influenced by genetics, age, and prior exposure. Prolonged exposure to strong odors can lead to adaptation, reducing perceived intensity. Odor strength is commonly described subjectively, but exposure levels can be quantified using odor units or related measures in environmental and industrial settings.

Impact and management of malodors focus on nuisance reduction and health considerations. Strong odors can cause irritation, headaches, or nausea, and may affect comfort and productivity in workplaces or communities. Mitigation strategies include removing the odor source, improving ventilation, using filtration or activated carbon, and, when appropriate, masking agents alongside good waste-handling practices.

Etymology traces stink to Old English and other Germanic roots, with cognates in related languages. In usage, the term remains informal but widely understood to denote especially disagreeable smells.