stalactitic

Stalactitic is an adjective used to describe formations that resemble or pertain to stalactites in caves. A stalactite is an icicle-shaped mineral deposit that hangs from the ceilings of caves, formed by the continued dripping of mineral-rich water. Over long periods, calcium carbonate, typically calcite, precipitates as water drips, building a tapering column from the ceiling downward. In some caves, stalactitic structures can be hollow or have intricate, lattice-like surfaces. While most stalactitic features are made of calcite, other minerals such as aragonite or gypsum may form analogous formations under suitable conditions.

Size varies from a few centimeters to several meters in extreme cases. They often occur in clusters or ensembles and can join with stalagmites on the floor to create columns. The term "stalactitic" can also describe rock textures or cave walls that display the characteristic hanging, icicle-like appearance, even if not fully formed stalactites.

Stalactites grow very slowly, at rates of roughly a few millimeters per year in many caves, though growth rates depend on water supply, mineral content, and cave temperature and humidity. The study of stalactitic deposits—speleothems—helps researchers reconstruct past climatic conditions through isotopic analysis and growth layering.

Proper cave etiquette and preservation are important to protect stalactitic formations, which are delicate and vulnerable to damage from touch, vibration, or changes in cave air flow.