staghorn

Staghorn is a common name applied to several organisms and objects that resemble deer antlers. The term most often refers to staghorn ferns, staghorn corals, and staghorn calculi, but it appears in other plant names as well.

Staghorn ferns (Platycerium spp.) are epiphytic ferns native to tropical regions of Africa, Asia, and Australasia. They have two frond types: shield fronds that cling to a surface and elongated fertile fronds that resemble antlers. They are popular ornamental plants.

Staghorn corals refer to branching species of Acropora, especially Acropora cervicornis. Their antler-like branches build reef structure in the Caribbean and western Atlantic, but they have declined due to disease, warming seas, and acidification. Conservation efforts include nurseries and outplanting.

Staghorn calculus is a large, branching kidney stone that fills the renal pelvis and calyces. It commonly consists of magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) in the context of chronic infection with urease-producing bacteria. Treatment may require surgical removal and infection control.

Other uses include staghorn sumac (Rhus typhina), a shrub with velvety fruit clusters and ornamental appeal.