splintmaterial

Splint material refers to the substances used to fabricate external devices that immobilize an injured limb or joint. Splints are designed to restrict movement to protect healing tissues and reduce pain, while allowing access for assessment and care of the skin.

Plaster of Paris (POP) was a traditional splint material. It forms a rigid cast as it dries and is inexpensive, but is heavy, slow to set, and poorly resist moisture. It can crumble if wet and is less comfortable for long-term use.

Fiberglass splints are light, strong, and fast-setting. They are breathable and radiolucent, which helps with imaging, but they can generate heat during curing and may be more expensive. They also require careful padding and edge trimming.

Thermoplastic splints use heat-moldable sheets or bands softened in water to conform to the limb. They are reusable, allow easy adjustment, and are commonly used in urgent care and pediatric settings. They tend to be comfortable but require proper reheating for remolding.

Other options include inflatable air splints, which encase a limb in an expandable sleeve, and vacuum splints, which dry mold into a rigid form after a vacuum is applied. These are useful for swelling control and quick immobilization in the field.

Padding and stockinette are placed beneath splint material to protect the skin. Edges are beveled to prevent irritation, and checks for circulation, sensation, and skin integrity should be performed regularly.

Removal is performed by trained personnel using appropriate tools. Splints should be kept dry when stored; replace or adjust them if swelling changes or if they lose integrity.