spinangle
Spinangle is a term used to describe the orientation of a particle’s intrinsic angular momentum, or spin, relative to a fixed reference axis. In quantum mechanics, spin orientation is not a definite vector in space but is described by a quantum state. For a spin-1/2 particle, the orientation can be represented on the Bloch sphere by two angles, commonly denoted theta and phi, which together define the spin state.
Mathematically, a pure spin-1/2 state can be written as psi = cos(theta/2)|↑> + e^{i phi} sin(theta/2)|↓>. The angles
Measurement of spin angle is probabilistic: experiments yield discrete outcomes along a chosen axis, with probabilities
For higher spin values, orientation requires more complex descriptions, often using multiple angles or the full