spankrachten

Spankrachten is a Dutch term used in physics and engineering to denote axial forces acting along the length of a structural element. The word combines spannen (to stretch) and kracht (force). It is typically used to describe forces that tend to stretch (tension) or shorten (compression) a member. In English, the concept corresponds to axial force.

In statics, spankrachten are internal normal forces that act across a cross-section perpendicular to the member's axis. They arise from external loads, support reactions, and geometry, and, per Newton's third law, are equal and opposite on the two sides of the section.

Calculation and analysis involve drawing a free-body diagram, applying equilibrium equations, and solving for the axial force. Spankrachten can be distributed along a member or concentrated at points. For elastic materials, the axial force relates to stress by sigma = F/A and to strain by epsilon = sigma/E.

Applications include cables, rods, columns, beams, and joints where axial loads are relevant. Spankrachten influence buckling, yielding, and fatigue, and are therefore included in design criteria with safety factors and allowable stress limits.

Notes: The term spankrachten is most common in Dutch-language texts. In many English sources, axial force or tensile/compressive force is used instead. While the word may appear in some contexts, its practical meaning aligns with the general concept of an internal axial force within a structural element.