sorteringsteknik

Sorteringsteknik refers to methods and processes used to arrange items according to a criterion, such as numeric value, alphabetical order, size, or quality. The concept is applied in information processing, manufacturing, recycling, and logistics to improve retrieval, processing efficiency, and decision making.

In computer science, sorting is the rearrangement of a sequence into nondecreasing or nonincreasing order. It includes comparison sorts (quicksort, mergesort, heapsort, insertion sort, bubble sort) and non-comparison sorts (counting sort, radix sort, bucket sort). Key properties include stability, in-place operation, and time/space complexity. External sorting handles data larger than memory. Contemporary practice uses hybrid and parallel approaches.

In physical and material sorting, techniques separate items by size, weight, magnetic properties, electrical charges, optical characteristics, or buoyancy. Common methods include vibrating screens and air classifiers for size; magnetic separators for ferrous materials; optical sorters using cameras and sensors; buoyancy or wet sorting; and eddy-current separators for non-ferrous metals. Sorting is essential in recycling, mining, agriculture, and manufacturing to improve material recovery and process efficiency.

Considerations include throughput, accuracy, cost, maintenance, energy use, and integration with downstream processes. The choice of technique depends on data characteristics, performance requirements, and environmental conditions. Some systems combine multiple sorting stages to achieve higher purity.