sorbitanmonooleat

Sorbitan monooleate, commonly referred to as Span 80 and chemically described as a sorbitan ester of oleic acid, is an emulsifier and nonionic surfactant derived from sorbitol. It is part of the family of sorbitan esters used to stabilize oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions, frequently in combination with polysorbates to tailor the hydrophilic–lipophilic balance of a formulation.

Chemically, sorbitan monooleate is a low-HLB emulsifier with a preference for oil phases. It is typically more soluble in oils and organic solvents than in water, making it effective for stabilizing lipid-rich systems. In formulation practice, Span 80 is often paired with polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters (Tweens) to achieve the desired emulsification characteristics and emulsion stability.

Production and forms: it is produced by partial esterification of sorbitol with oleic acid and is available in various grades for food, cosmetic, and industrial use. The Span series includes other sorbitan esters, such as sorbitan monostearate (Span 60) and sorbitan monolaurate (Span 20), each with distinct emulsification properties.

Applications: in the food industry, sorbitan monooleate serves as an emulsifier and stabilizer in products like confectionery and dairy emulsions. In cosmetics and personal care, it functions as an emulsifier and thickener in creams, lotions, and suspensions. In pharmaceuticals, it can act as a solubilizer and emulsifying agent to improve the release and mixing of hydrophobic ingredients.

Safety and regulation: sorbitan monooleate is widely used and generally permitted within regulated usage levels, but regulatory status and permitted concentrations vary by jurisdiction and application. As with all emulsifiers, handling and formulation guidelines should be followed to ensure compatibility and stability.