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Somalia, officially the Federal Republic of Somalia, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is the longest penisula in Africa, and its coastline stretches for over 3,300 kilometers along the Indian Ocean and the Gulf of Aden. Somalia is bordered by Djibouti to the northwest, Ethiopia to the west, and Kenya to the southwest. Its capital and largest city is Mogadishu.

The population of Somalia is predominantly ethnic Somali, with small minority groups. The official languages are Somali and Arabic. The country's culture is deeply influenced by its nomadic heritage and Islamic faith. Islam is the state religion, and the majority of Somalis are Sunni Muslims.

Somalia has a long and complex history, with evidence of ancient civilizations and trade routes. It was a significant center for trade in the medieval period, exporting frankincense, myrrh, and spices. The country experienced periods of colonial rule before gaining independence in 1960. The post-independence era has been marked by political instability, civil war, and significant challenges.

The Somali economy is largely based on livestock, agriculture, and remittances. Pastoralism is a cornerstone of the economy, with camels, cattle, sheep, and goats being crucial for livelihoods. Agriculture is practiced in the fertile river valleys, producing crops like bananas and sorghum. The fishing industry also holds potential. However, the economy has been severely hampered by decades of conflict and natural disasters.

In recent years, Somalia has been working to rebuild its state institutions and foster peace and stability. Efforts are ongoing to address security challenges, promote economic development, and improve social services for its citizens.