soldier

Soldier is a person who serves in an army or other armed forces and is trained for combat and related duties. Soldiers operate within a formal hierarchy under civilian authority and government policy. They may serve in combat arms such as infantry, armor, artillery, and in support roles including engineers, medics, logistics, communications, and intelligence.

Training typically begins with basic or boot camp, emphasizing physical fitness, weapons handling, drill, and fieldcraft. This is followed by specialized training for a chosen occupation, and ongoing professional development throughout a career. Primary duties include defending the state, participating in armed conflict when authorized, and contributing to peacekeeping, disaster relief, or security operations as required by national policy or international missions.

Most countries rely on professional volunteers, though some maintain conscription or reserve forces. Ranks generally span enlisted personnel, non-commissioned officers who lead squads, and commissioned officers who plan and command operations. Equipment varies by role but commonly includes a personal firearm, protective gear, communications devices, and mission-specific tools. Soldiers operate under military law, the rules of engagement, and codes of conduct, with protections for prisoners of war and civilians governed by international humanitarian law.

The concept and role of the soldier have evolved with changes in technology, strategy, and geopolitics. Today soldiers may serve in conventional warfare, counterinsurgency, peacekeeping, or multinational coalitions, often contributing to civilian protection and humanitarian assistance alongside combat duties.