slímhúðina

Slímhúðin, often referred to as the mucous membrane, is a thin layer of epithelial tissue that lines various cavities and passages within the body that open to the exterior. This includes the respiratory tract, the digestive tract, the urinary tract, and the reproductive tract. It also lines the internal surfaces of the eyelids and the inside of the mouth.

The primary function of the slímhúðin is to secrete mucus, a viscous fluid that serves multiple purposes. Mucus acts as a lubricant, preventing tissues from drying out and facilitating the passage of substances, such as food through the digestive system. It also traps foreign particles, such as dust, bacteria, and viruses, preventing them from entering the body. Specialized cells within the slímhúðin, called goblet cells, are responsible for producing and secreting this protective mucus.

In addition to lubrication and trapping pathogens, the slímhúðin plays a role in absorption. For example, the slímhúðin lining the small intestine is responsible for absorbing nutrients from digested food. In the respiratory tract, cilia, tiny hair-like structures, work in conjunction with mucus to sweep trapped particles away from the lungs. The slímhúðin is also a sensory surface, containing nerve endings that detect stimuli such as taste, touch, and pain. Its moist and permeable nature makes it a vulnerable site for infection and inflammation.