slitasjemetaller

Slitasjemetaller refers to metals and alloys designed to withstand wear in repeated contact, by increasing surface hardness and resistance to material removal. They are used where components experience sliding, rolling, impact, or abrasive contact.

Wear resistance arises from hard microstructures, stable carbides, and sometimes surface coatings. Wear mechanisms include adhesive wear, abrasive wear, erosive wear, and corrosion-assisted wear. Balance between hardness and toughness is important.

Common materials include tool steels and high-carbon alloy steels designed for hardness after heat treatment; stainless wear-resistant steels with chromium or vanadium; and cemented carbides based on tungsten carbide in a cobalt or nickel binder. These enable high hardness and wear life. Some elements like chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, tungsten increase carbide formation and strength.

Manufacturing and surface engineering: traditional heat treatment (hardening, tempering, case hardening, carburizing, nitriding) to create hard layers. Powder metallurgy is used for cemented carbides. Surface engineering methods include physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD) coatings, and ceramic or diamond-like carbon coatings to further reduce wear.

Applications and design considerations: cutting tools, extrusion and stamping dies, gears, bearings, piston rings, valve seats, mining and mineral processing components, wear plates. Design considerations include trade-offs among hardness, toughness, machinability, cost, and corrosion resistance; selection depends on wear type and operating environment.