skråväsen

Skråväsen refers to the guild system that was prevalent in Sweden and other parts of Europe for centuries. These guilds, often called "skrå" in Swedish, were associations of craftsmen or merchants who operated in a particular trade. They played a significant role in the economic and social structure of medieval and early modern cities.

The primary functions of skråväsen included regulating trade, setting standards for quality and craftsmanship, controlling entry into the profession, and providing mutual support for their members. To become a master craftsman, an individual typically had to complete an apprenticeship, followed by a period as a journeyman, and finally produce a masterwork to prove their skill. This system ensured a high level of quality in goods and services.

Skråväsen also had social and religious aspects. Guild members often shared a common patron saint, participated in religious festivals, and provided support to widows and orphans of deceased members. They were hierarchical organizations, with masters at the top, followed by journeymen and apprentices.

The influence of skråväsen began to decline in the 18th and 19th centuries with the rise of industrialization and free trade policies. Governments started to dismantle the guild system, viewing it as a barrier to economic progress and innovation. By the mid-19th century, most of the guild regulations had been abolished in Sweden. Today, while the formal guild system is gone, some professional organizations and trade associations continue to carry on elements of the spirit of mutual support and quality standards.