skizofreninë

Skizofrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder that affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves. Individuals with schizophrenia may seem like they have lost touch with reality, which can be distressing for them and their families.

The symptoms of schizophrenia typically emerge in late adolescence or early adulthood. These symptoms are generally categorized into positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. Positive symptoms are experiences that are not present in healthy individuals. These can include hallucinations, which are seeing, hearing, or feeling things that are not real, and delusions, which are false beliefs that are strongly held despite evidence to the contrary. Disorganized thinking and speech are also common positive symptoms.

Negative symptoms, on the other hand, are reductions or losses of normal functions. These can manifest as a lack of motivation, reduced expression of emotions (flat affect), and difficulty speaking. Cognitive symptoms involve problems with attention, memory, and executive functions, such as decision-making and planning.

The exact causes of schizophrenia are not fully understood, but research suggests a combination of genetic predisposition, brain chemistry and structure abnormalities, and environmental factors play a role. It is not caused by personal weakness or character flaws.

Diagnosis is based on a thorough evaluation of symptoms, medical history, and ruling out other conditions. Treatment typically involves a combination of antipsychotic medications, which can help manage positive symptoms, and psychosocial therapies, such as cognitive behavioral therapy and family therapy, which help individuals cope with the illness, develop social skills, and improve their quality of life. While there is no cure for schizophrenia, with consistent treatment and support, many individuals can lead fulfilling lives.