singleincision

Single-incision surgery, often referred to as single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) or single-port surgery, is a minimally invasive operative technique that uses one entry point—typically at the umbilicus—to insert all necessary instruments and a camera. The approach was first described in the early 1990s and gained broader clinical adoption in the 2000s as advances in flexible endoscopic tools and specialized ports facilitated its use across a range of procedures.

The procedure begins with a small incision, usually 1–2 cm, through which a multi-channel port is introduced. A laparoscope and articulating instruments are then passed through the same opening, allowing the surgeon to view the operative field and manipulate tissues. Because all instrumentation is confined to a single site, the method aims to reduce postoperative pain, lower the risk of wound infection, and improve cosmetic outcomes compared with conventional multi‑port laparoscopy, which requires three or more separate incisions.

Clinical evidence indicates that single‑incision techniques are feasible for appendectomy, cholecystectomy, bariatric procedures, colorectal resections, and gynecologic surgeries. Reported benefits include reduced postoperative analgesic requirements and shorter hospital stays, although operative times may be longer during the learning curve. Potential drawbacks involve limited instrument triangulation, crowding at the port site, and a higher risk of incisional hernia if the fascial defect is not adequately closed.

Current research focuses on refining instrument design, evaluating long‑term outcomes, and comparing cost-effectiveness to standard laparoscopic methods. While single‑incision surgery is not universally applicable, it represents a valuable option within the spectrum of minimally invasive techniques, particularly for patients prioritizing reduced scarring and postoperative discomfort.