siló

A siló, or silo, is a storage structure used for bulk materials, primarily agricultural products such as grain or forage destined for animal feed. Silos are designed to protect contents from weather and pests while enabling efficient handling and controlled unloading. They can store dry grains (like corn, wheat, or barley) or ensiled forage (forage preserved by fermentation to make silage).

There are several main types. Tower silos are tall vertical structures often made of concrete, steel, or wood. Bunker silos consist of long, low rectangular walls made of earth or concrete and are commonly used for silage. Bag silos use long plastic bags to hold chopped forage in suspension with a temporary seal. Each type has different construction costs, space requirements, and unloading methods.

For dry grain storage, silos minimize moisture loss and pest exposure, helping preserve quality and reduce spoilage. For silage, forage is chopped, packed tightly to exclude air, and stored anaerobically to ferment. Lactic acid bacteria convert sugars to acids, lowering the pH and preserving the feed. Typical moisture content for silage is high, while dry grain storage aims for low moisture.

Safety and maintenance are important. Silo gas can form during fermentation or aeration, and structural failure or collapse is a risk if not properly designed or maintained. Regular inspection, ventilation management, and appropriate filling and unloading practices are essential for safe and effective silo operation.