silovorming

Silovorming is a term used in political science and security studies to describe the process by which the security sector—police, intelligence services, and related military or paramilitary institutions—gains influence over political decision-making and state policy. The term is not universally defined and appears in discussions of modern governance, state security, and authoritarian resilience. Central to silovorming is the entrenchment of security personnel in leadership roles, the expansion of the security apparatus, and the diffusion of security-minded norms into civilian agencies and policymaking.

Mechanisms of silovorming include appointments of security elites to high government or civilian-administration posts, growth of security budgets and capabilities, the creation of parallel or overlapping command structures, and legal changes that widen surveillance or coercive powers. Informal networks among current and former security officers can reinforce influence across domestic policy, economic governance, and foreign affairs.

Regional relevance varies, but analysts often point to the rise of “siloviki” who hold significant sway in certain states. Notable discussions focus on Russia’s political development, where security-sector figures have played prominent roles, while acknowledging that other post-Soviet and authoritarian regimes exhibit related patterns with different dynamics and intensities.

Critics link silovorming to risks for democracy, accountability, and civil liberties, arguing it can lead to policy capture and erosion of civilian control. Proponents contend that a stronger, professionalized security sector can enhance stability and state effectiveness in security matters. Researchers track silovorming through indicators such as the share of security personnel in top offices, security-budget growth, and the legal framework shaping the security sector.