silkmoths

Silkmoths are a group of moths in the family Saturniidae within the order Lepidoptera. They are typically large, with heavy bodies and broad wings that are often colorful or cryptic. In many species, adults have reduced or nonfunctional mouthparts and live only briefly to reproduce.

They occur worldwide, with the greatest species richness in tropical regions. The best-known member is Bombyx mori, the domesticated silk moth, whose larvae produce silk used in textiles. Wild relatives include large, striking species such as Attacus atlas (atlas moth) and Saturnia pyri (great peacock moth). Adults are generally strong fliers but do not feed.

Life cycle: eggs hatch into caterpillars that feed on foliage. The caterpillars spin cocoons in which they pupate. When conditions trigger metamorphosis, adults emerge, mate, and die within a short period. Silk production is derived from the secretions of the larval silk glands; in Bombyx mori the silk is harvested commercially after cocoon formation.

Ecology and human relevance: Silkmoths serve as herbivores in ecosystems and as prey for birds and other predators. Some species are attracted to light, making them useful for ecological surveys. Habitat loss and light pollution threaten several species, while domesticated populations underpin the silk industry. They are also studied for their life cycles and pheromone communication.