sialendoscopic

Sialendoscopy is a minimally invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedure used primarily to investigate and treat obstructions within the salivary ducts. The technique involves the insertion of a thin, flexible endoscope into the salivary ducts, allowing direct visualization of the ductal system. This method is commonly employed to diagnose conditions such as salivary duct stones (sialolithiasis), strictures, or other obstructions that may cause pain, swelling, or infection in the salivary glands.

The procedure is typically performed under local anesthesia, ensuring patient comfort while maintaining awareness. A small catheter is first inserted into the ductal orifice, often near the mouth, followed by the endoscope. Saline solution may be infused through the catheter to flush out debris or stones, while the endoscope provides real-time imaging to guide the intervention. Small instruments can be passed through the endoscope to remove obstructions or dilate narrowed ducts.

Sialendoscopy is particularly useful for diagnosing subtle or early-stage ductal abnormalities that may not be apparent through imaging alone, such as computed tomography (CT) or ultrasound. It also serves a therapeutic role by enabling the removal of stones, clearing blockages, and restoring ductal patency. The procedure is generally well-tolerated, with minimal recovery time, and carries a low risk of complications when performed by experienced professionals.

Common indications for sialendoscopy include recurrent salivary gland swelling, persistent pain, or infection despite conventional treatments. It is often considered before more invasive procedures, such as surgical gland excision, to preserve glandular function. While effective, sialendoscopy may not be suitable for all cases, particularly those involving large or deeply embedded stones, in which alternative treatments may be necessary.