shloka

Shloka is a term from Sanskrit that designates a verse, stanza, or metrical line of poetry, especially in classical Hindu literature. In everyday usage, a shloka refers to a short, self-contained verse, usually presented as a pair of lines, though longer stanzas can also be called shlokas. The form is a central element of Sanskrit prosody and is used to convey philosophical teachings, narratives, or devotional content.

Etymology and form: The word shloka (śloka) is derived from Sanskrit and is commonly glossed as "verse" or "line." Traditionally, shlokas are composed in metrical patterns, with Anushtubh being the most widely used meter; other meters occur as well. A shloka is designed to be recited or memorized, and because of its compact structure, it can convey a complete idea in a small unit.

Usage and examples: Shlokas appear throughout Hindu scriptures, epic poetry, and devotional literature. The Bhagavad Gita is presented in 700 shlokas, and the Ramayana, Mahabharata, and many Upanishads rely on shlokas to present teachings, dialogues, and events. Shlokas are frequently quoted in religious discourse, studied for their metrical form as well as their meaning.

See also: Sanskrit prosody, meter (prosody), mantra, sutra.