sharpens

Sharpens is the verb used to describe making something sharp or more keen, particularly restoring the cutting edge of blades and tools. In everyday use it refers to improving the efficiency of knives, chisels, razors, and other implements by increasing their ability to cut. The term can also be used metaphorically to mean improving nonphysical attributes, such as a person’s skills, focus, or perception.

In practical contexts, sharpening is distinguished from honing and stropping. Sharpening involves removing material to form or re-create a sharp edge, often after the edge has become dull or damaged. Honing realigns micro-tears in the edge to restore a consistent cut without significant material removal. Stropping polishes the edge on a leather surface to produce a finer micro-edge and reduce burrs. Together, these processes extend tool life and improve performance.

Methods and materials vary. Abrasive stones, including water stones and oil stones, are common for blade work, offering a range of grits to shape and refine edges. Diamond stones and ceramic stones provide fast cutting and durability. Mechanical options include grinders and belt sanders for heavy dulling. After the edge is formed, honing with a steel may realign it, and a leather strop can finish the edge. Lubricants reduce heat and friction during sharpening. The choice of method depends on tool type, steel hardness, and the desired edge angle. Typical kitchen blades are sharpened toward about 15–20 degrees per side; chisels and plane irons often use steeper angles, around 25–30 degrees, for durability.

Care and safety considerations include maintaining a consistent angle, avoiding overheating, and ensuring stones remain flat to produce a uniform edge.