sharpener

A sharpener is a device used to restore a dull edge on blades and tools by removing small amounts of material to form a new, sharper edge. Sharpeners range from simple manual tools to powered machines and are designed for items such as pencils, kitchen knives, or scissors.

Pencil sharpeners usually use a small blade housed in a shell. Manual models include single-blade and two-stage pocket sharpeners; crank-operated units exist for faster use. Electric sharpeners rotate a blade as the pencil is inserted, collecting shavings in a receptacle.

Knife and blade sharpeners encompass whetstones, oilstones, diamond stones, and ceramic stones for grinding edges, and guided or pull-through systems that control sharpening angle. Honing steels realign a dull edge without removing much material, while sharpening stones do remove material to form a new edge. Different grits enable progressive smoothing.

Other sharpeners cover scissors, chisels, razors, and mower blades. Scissor sharpeners may use rotating wheels, while chisel sharpeners rely on flat abrasives; mower blades are often sharpened after removal and require balancing.

Sharpening aims for a consistent angle and a smooth edge. It involves selecting the appropriate abrasive, securing the tool, and applying steady strokes. After use, tools should be cleaned and dried; storage and regular maintenance help preserve edge quality.

Historically, sharpening used natural stones and improvised abrasives. Modern devices include a range of stones, honing rods, and electric units that offer greater control and speed. In practice, sharpening removes material to form an edge; honing realigns rather than removes.