sentezi

Sentezi, Turkish for synthesis, is a term used across disciplines to describe the process of combining distinct elements to form a new, more complex whole. The root is the Greek syntithenai, via French synthèse, and entered Turkish through scientific and academic usage. In general, sentezi implies deliberate construction or assembly rather than mere accumulation.

In chemistry, chemical synthesis is the design and execution of routes to assemble target compounds from simpler starting materials. It involves planning (retrosynthesis), selection of reagents and conditions, control of stereochemistry and regiospecificity, and downstream purification and characterization. Successful synthesis requires consideration of yield, atom economy, environmental impact, and scalability.

In biology, biosynthesis refers to cellular pathways that construct complex molecules, such as nucleotides, amino acids, lipids, and natural products, from simpler precursors. Protein synthesis, driven by ribosomes and mRNA templates, is a central example of biochemical sentezi, linking transcription to functional biomolecules.

In philosophy and logic, synthesis denotes the resolution of opposing elements into a coherent whole, as in dialectical synthesis that reconciles thesis and antithesis. In systems theory, synthesis may describe emergent properties arising from interactions within a network.

In technology and the arts, sound synthesis creates artificial audio signals from mathematical models or sample-based methods, enabling electronic music and sound design. Material synthesis covers the creation of new substances, including polymers and nanomaterials, by assembling molecular building blocks under controlled conditions.

Because Turkish uses sentez for synthesis, the term appears in academic discourse, textbooks, and media to describe a wide range of constructive processes, from laboratory routes to theoretical models.