selfharming

Self-harm, or non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), refers to deliberate, direct injury to one's body without the intention to die. People typically use self-harm to cope with intense emotions, numbness, or difficult life situations. It is a behavior, not a diagnosis, and it frequently co-occurs with mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, trauma-related disorders, or problems with emotion regulation.

Common forms include cutting, burning, scratching, or hitting oneself, though self-harm can take many forms. It is most common among adolescents and young adults, with risk higher for those with histories of abuse, family conflict, social isolation, or difficulty expressing emotions. Self-harm can provide temporary relief from distress but often leads to new physical or emotional problems, and may become a pattern that worsens over time.

Treatment and support focus on reducing distress and replacing self-harm with healthier coping strategies. Evidence-based approaches include psychotherapy (such as dialectical behavior therapy or cognitive-behavioral therapy), trauma-focused therapies, and treatments for co-occurring conditions. Medications may help when there are underlying mood or anxiety disorders. Safety planning, coping skills, and social support are important components. Helping someone to seek professional care and avoiding harsh judgment are key.

If you or someone you know is in immediate danger or has serious self-harm intentions, contact emergency services. In the United States, call or text 988 for crisis support. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, Samaritans can be reached at 116 123, or text SHOUT to 85258 in the UK. Global resources include Befrienders Worldwide and the International Association for Suicide Prevention.