sejtköpeny

Sejtköpeny is a Hungarian term that translates to "cell coat" or "glycocalyx." It refers to the layer of carbohydrate-rich molecules found on the outer surface of animal cells. This layer is not a rigid structure but rather a dynamic and diverse network of glycoproteins and glycolipids.

The primary components of the sejtköpeny are oligosaccharides, which are short chains of sugar molecules. These oligosaccharides are covalently attached to proteins (forming glycoproteins) or lipids (forming glycolipids) that are embedded in the cell membrane. The specific composition and structure of the sejtköpeny vary significantly between different cell types and even within the same cell under different physiological conditions.

The functions of the sejtköpeny are diverse and crucial for cellular life. It plays a vital role in cell-cell recognition, allowing cells to identify and interact with each other. This is essential for processes like immune responses, tissue formation, and embryonic development. The sejtköpeny also acts as a protective barrier, shielding the cell from mechanical stress and chemical damage. Furthermore, it can bind to signaling molecules, influencing cellular communication and responses to the environment. Some components of the sejtköpeny are also involved in cell adhesion, helping cells to stick to each other and to the extracellular matrix. Its carbohydrate nature also contributes to the cell's hydration.