seepagecontrol

Seepage control refers to the engineering practices used to limit or divert the flow of liquids through soils, rock, or engineered barriers. Its primary aim is to reduce seepage forces, prevent piping and internal erosion, protect foundations and infrastructures, and maintain stability in hydraulic structures such as dams, levees, embankments, and tailings facilities.

Techniques include constructing impermeable barriers, such as clay cores, geomembrane liners, bentonite curtains, and cement-bentonite grout curtains. Drainage systems like relief wells, curtain drains, and gravel filters are used to collect and discharge seepage. Cutoff walls or sheets, slurry walls, and sheet piling create physical barriers. Geosynthetic mats, membranes, and low-permeability backfills are employed in contact with the seepage path, including geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) for enhanced sealing.

Design considerations address site hydrogeology, seepage paths, pore-water pressures, and the risk of piping. Selection depends on depth, permeability contrast, and durability requirements. Construction quality control is critical to prevent leaks; common practices include grouting, careful compaction, and leakage testing. Materials are chosen for chemical compatibility and long-term performance.

Monitoring and maintenance include piezometers to measure pore pressure, seepage collection galleries, weirs, and regular inspections for cracks or seepage faces. Failures can lead to leakage, erosion, or structural instability, so redundancy and ongoing monitoring are emphasized. Seepage control is a standard element in the design and operation of hydraulic structures and landfills.