seedsaving

Seedsaving is the practice of preserving seeds from crop plants for use in future growing seasons. It supports genetic diversity, local adaptation, and food security by enabling gardeners, farmers, and communities to maintain and adapt crop varieties over time. Seedsaving generally favors open-pollinated or heirloom varieties, which are more likely to produce plants similar to the parent.

The process involves selecting plants with desirable traits and allowing them to contribute seeds that will grow true to type. For self-pollinating species, this can be straightforward, but for cross-pollinating crops, isolation or controlled seed collection is necessary to minimize unwanted hybridization. Seed savers often prioritize healthy, vigorous plants and avoid seeds from diseased or stressed individuals to protect future crop health.

Harvesting and processing steps vary by species. Mature seeds are collected from the seed heads, pods, or fruit, and then cleaned of chaff or pulp. In some crops, such as tomatoes, a fermentation step helps remove gel-coated seeds; in others, drying and threshing are sufficient. Seeds should be dried to a low moisture content to reduce mold and rot before storage.

Storage and viability are influenced by temperature, humidity, and light. Cool, dry, dark conditions with stable temperatures help preserve germination rates. Labeling with variety and year is important, and germination testing every few years can indicate remaining viability. Viability declines over time, especially in warmer or more humid environments.

Seedsaving also encompasses community and ethical dimensions, including seed libraries, exchanges, and the preservation of local landraces. Hybrid varieties typically do not breed true, so savers focus on open-pollinated stock to maintain stable seed lines.