scipy
SciPy is an open-source Python library for scientific computing. It extends NumPy with a collection of algorithms and high-level functions for mathematics, science, and engineering. It is designed to work with NumPy arrays and provides efficient implementations of numerical routines for linear algebra, integration, optimization, interpolation, signal and image processing, statistics, and more. The library combines Python wrappers with compiled code (C, Fortran, and Cython) to deliver performance and a coherent API across domains.
Core subpackages include scipy.integrate, scipy.optimize, scipy.interpolate, scipy.signal, scipy.linalg, scipy.spatial, scipy.stats, scipy.fft, scipy.ndimage, and scipy.io, among others.
History and governance: SciPy originated in the early 2000s as a successor to Numeric and an extension
Use: SciPy is a foundational tool in academia and industry for numerical analysis, data analysis pipelines,