scents

Scent refers to a smell, especially a pleasant one, arising from volatile compounds that reach the nose. In everyday language, scent often denotes fragrances or perfumes, but it can describe any odor perceived by the olfactory system. The term may also carry cultural and subjective associations of sweet, fresh, or natural notes.

Perception: volatile molecules released from a substance are inhaled; they bind to receptors in the nasal cavity, triggering signals to the brain's olfactory bulb. Perception is influenced by genetics, age, and prior exposure. Adaptation and cross-cultural preferences affect how scents are experienced.

Composition and classification: scents comprise individual aroma compounds, many natural (essential oils) and many synthetic. In perfumery, fragrances are analyzed as top, middle, and base notes describing their evaporation rates. Common families include citrus, floral, woody, spicy, gourmand, and green.

Applications: scents are central to perfumery and cosmetics; they also flavor food and beverages, mask odors in household products, and are used in aromatherapy and consumer psychology. Regulatory frameworks govern labeling and safety; some individuals experience fragrance sensitivity or allergies.

History and culture: scent use dates to ancient civilizations, with temples, perfumes, and scented unguents. The modern perfume industry blossomed in the 19th and 20th centuries with synthetic aroma chemicals, enabling broader variety and consistency.

Environmental and health considerations: fragrances can affect indoor air quality; persistent exposure may trigger reactions in sensitive individuals. As a result, some products are marketed as fragrance-free or hypoallergenic, and labeling standards vary by country.