sannyasinis

Sannyasinis are female renunciants within Hinduism who have taken sannyasa, the spiritual vow of renunciation. They commit to a life dedicated to spiritual practice and the pursuit of moksha, often within a monastic or itinerant framework. The feminine form of the term is sannyāsini (also spelled sannyasini).

Etymology and scope. Sannyasa derives from Sanskrit and denotes renunciation, literally meaning to place aside worldly ties. In many Hindu traditions, sannyasa is considered the fourth ashrama, or stage of life, set apart from household life and governed by vows of celibacy, non-attachment, and a focus on spiritual disciplines. The exact rules and recognition of a sannyāsini can vary by lineage, guru, and regional practice.

Practices and lifestyle. Sannyasinis may wear saffron or ochre robes, lead a minimalist lifestyle, and rely on alms or a supportive sangha. Their duties can include scriptural study, meditation, teaching, and guiding followers, as well as performing devotional rituals. Some renunciants live in ashrams, while others travel as wandering ascetics or reside within reformist or monastic communities. The day-to-day practice often emphasizes discipline, humility, and detachment from material concerns.

Historical and contemporary context. Female renunciants have existed in Hinduism across historical periods, though formal ordination and institutional support have varied by tradition. In modern times, several Hindu movements have accommodated or authorized women to take sannyasa or similar monastic vows, leading to the presence of sannyasinis in diverse communities. Nevertheless, female renunciation remains less widespread than male renunciation in many regions, and gender norms continue to shape its practice and reception.

See also: sannyasi, sannyasini, ashrama, renunciation, Hindu monasticism.