salvia

Salvia is a large genus of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae, commonly known as sage. It comprises around 900 species of herbs, shrubs, and subshrubs native to the temperate and tropical regions of the world. The best-known species is Salvia officinalis, or common sage, valued as a culinary herb for its aromatic leaves. Other widely cultivated species include Salvia splendens (scarlet sage) and Salvia nemorosa (wood sage), prized for their colorful flower spikes, as well as Salvia hispanica, the chia plant, grown for its edible seeds, and Salvia sclarea (clary sage), used for essential oils.

Traditionally, various Salvia species have been used in folk medicine, cooking, and perfumery. The name salvia derives from Latin salvia, meaning "saved" or "healthy," reflecting historic beliefs in healing properties. The genus includes plants with a range of growth forms, from low-growing groundcovers to upright perennials and shrubs, and they are popular in gardens for fragrance, flowers, and drought tolerance.

Salvia divinorum, known as diviner’s sage, is a psychoactive species whose leaves contain the potent compound salvinorin A. It is regulated or prohibited in many countries because of its hallucinogenic effects and potential for misuse.

Cultivation and horticulture: Most salvias prefer sunny locations and well-drained soil. Many are drought-tolerant and suitable for borders, herb gardens, or pollinator-friendly plantings. Species vary in cold hardiness and size, so selection is guided by climate and desired ornamental or culinary uses.