sagnorðform

Sagnorðform refers to the various forms a verb can take in Icelandic. These forms are determined by factors such as tense, mood, person, number, and voice. Icelandic verbs are categorized into strong and weak verbs, each with distinct conjugation patterns. Strong verbs typically change their stem vowel to indicate different tenses, while weak verbs add a dental suffix (like -d or -t) for past tense formation.

The infinitive is the base form of the verb, often preceded by "að" (to). For example, "að borða" (to eat). Present tense forms indicate an action happening now and are conjugated according to person (I, you, he/she/it, we, you all, they) and number (singular or plural). Past tense forms describe actions that have already occurred. Icelandic also distinguishes between the past indicative and the past subjunctive, with the latter used for hypothetical or counterfactual situations.

Moods in Icelandic include the indicative, which states facts, and the imperative, used for commands. The passive voice is formed using auxiliary verbs and the past participle of the main verb, indicating that the subject is acted upon. Participles, both present and past, are also considered sagnorðform and function as adjectives or adverbs, agreeing in gender, number, and definiteness with the noun they modify. Understanding these various sagnorðform is crucial for correct Icelandic grammar.