réticulation

Réticulation, from the Latin rete meaning net, is a term used across disciplines to denote the formation or presence of a net-like network or mesh. It can describe both patterns observed in nature and engineered structures, and its precise meaning depends on the scientific context.

In polymer science and materials engineering, réticulation refers to the formation of covalent or strong interactions between polymer chains to create a three-dimensional network. This crosslinking can be chemical (through agents or catalysts), thermal, or induced by irradiation. Physical crosslinks, such as ionic associations or crystalline domains, may also contribute. The degree of crosslinking controls key properties: higher crosslink density generally increases stiffness and thermal resistance, reduces solubility and swelling in solvents, and elevates the glass transition temperature. A classic example is the vulcanization of rubber, where sulfur bridges link polymer chains to improve elasticity and durability. Network theories and models (e.g., gel point, Flory-Rehner theory) describe how the network forms and swells.

In botany, reticulation describes leaf venation that forms a net-like network, known as reticulate venation, typical of many dicotyledons and contrasting with parallel venation found in some monocots. In geology and mineralogy, reticulation can refer to net-like textures created by interwoven fractures or mineral fillings, or to mosaic patterns in cooling or hydrothermal rocks, reflecting formation conditions.

The term thus denotes a net or mesh structure in both natural patterns and engineered materials, spanning a range of applications from biology to materials science.