ryhmäajatus

Ryhmäajatus, often translated as groupthink, is a psychological phenomenon that occurs within a group of people in which the desire for harmony or conformity in the group results in an irrational or dysfunctional decision-making outcome. Groupthink is characterized by a tendency for members of a group to think alike, to suppress dissent, and to avoid conflict. This can lead to a situation where the group collectively makes poor decisions because alternative viewpoints are not considered or are dismissed.

The concept was popularized by social psychologist Irving Janis in 1972. Janis identified several key symptoms of groupthink, including an illusion of unanimity, where members believe everyone agrees even if they don't, and a pressure on dissenters to conform. Other symptoms include self-censorship, where individuals refrain from expressing doubts, and the presence of "mindguards," who protect the group from information that might challenge its decisions.

Groupthink can arise in various settings, from small decision-making committees to larger organizations and even political bodies. Factors that contribute to groupthink include a high degree of group cohesiveness, a lack of impartial leadership, and high stress associated with the decision-making task. The consequences can be severe, leading to flawed strategies, missed opportunities, and disastrous outcomes. Countering groupthink involves encouraging critical evaluation, seeking diverse opinions, and creating an environment where dissent is welcomed and valued.