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Rootkits are a type of malicious software designed to gain unauthorized access to a computer system. They operate at a low level, often within the operating system's kernel, making them difficult to detect and remove. Rootkits can be used for various malicious purposes, including data theft, surveillance, and system control.

There are different types of rootkits, including user-mode rootkits, kernel-mode rootkits, and hypervisor-level rootkits. User-mode rootkits operate in the user space of the operating system and can be detected and removed using standard antivirus software. Kernel-mode rootkits, on the other hand, operate at the kernel level and are more difficult to detect and remove. Hypervisor-level rootkits operate at the virtualization layer and can be used to hide the presence of other rootkits.

Rootkits can be installed on a system through various means, including malware, exploit kits, and social engineering attacks. Once installed, they can be used to hide the presence of other malware, steal sensitive data, and gain unauthorized access to the system.

Detecting and removing rootkits can be challenging due to their ability to hide their presence. However, there are several tools and techniques that can be used to detect and remove rootkits, including memory analysis, file system analysis, and behavior analysis. It is important to keep the operating system and antivirus software up to date to protect against rootkits and other types of malware.