riyaa

Riyaa, also transliterated riā’, is an Arabic term meaning ostentation or show. In religious contexts it refers to performing acts of worship or pious deeds in order to be seen and praised by others rather than to seek God’s pleasure. The word is used widely in Islamic discourse and in Urdu- and Persian-language religious writings.

In Islamic theology riyaa is regarded as a spiritual fault or disease of the heart that undermines sincerity (ikhlas) in worship. It is not identical to hypocrisy (nifaq) in the Qur’an, but it is treated as a serious impediment to true devotion. The central Qur’anic and prophetic guidance emphasizes intention: actions are judged by what a person intends. Many scholars explain that riyaa can diminish the reward of a deed, and in some opinions may even invalidate it if the outward act is performed solely for public display.

Common examples include performing prayers, fasting, or giving charity in a way that seeks attention, admiration, or social gain rather than genuine obedience to God. Riyaa is often discussed in Sufi literature as part of the broader task of cleansing the heart from love of reputation and external validation.

Mitigation centers on ikhlas and inward reform. Practitioners are advised to cultivate a sincere intention to please God, perform acts privately when feasible, seek God’s reward rather than human praise, and engage in regular self-scrutiny and repentance. Spiritual guidance often emphasizes humility, remembrance of God, and recommitting daily actions to the intention of serving the divine will.

Riyaa is primarily a concept within Islamic ethics but is sometimes noted in broader discussions of religious sincerity in South Asian religious discourse.