riippuvuuta

Riippuvuuta is a Finnish term describing addiction or dependence on substances or on certain behaviors. It covers substance-related disorders (such as alcohol or nicotine) and behavioral addictions (for example gambling or gaming). The concept denotes a pattern of compulsive engagement with a stimulus despite negative consequences, involving physical, psychological, and social dimensions.

In international classifications, riippuvuuta-like conditions are diagnosed when there is craving, loss of control, tolerance, withdrawal, and impairment. Substances create physiological reinforcement, while behavioral addictions rely on reward pathways without chemical intoxication. Clinically, distinctions are made between risky use, problematic use, and full-fledged addiction.

Risk factors include genetics, early adversity, mental health comorbidity, and environmental stress. Neurobiological changes in reward and stress circuits contribute to compulsive use. Socioeconomic and cultural factors influence exposure, reporting, and access to care.

Effects can include health problems, relationship and work difficulties, and increased mortality risk. Stigma and limited treatment access can hinder help seeking, highlighting the need for early intervention and integrated care.

Treatment combines medical, psychological, and social approaches. Pharmacotherapy may help some addictions; psychotherapy such as motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral therapy supports change. For behavioral addictions, evidence-based psychosocial treatments exist. Prevention emphasizes education, screening, early intervention, and harm-reduction policies.