rhytidectomy

Rhytidectomy, commonly called a facelift, is a cosmetic surgical procedure aimed at reducing signs of facial aging. By elevating and tightening the skin and deeper tissues of the face and neck, it seeks to restore a more youthful contour while preserving natural facial expressions.

Indications include sagging cheeks and jawline, deep nasolabial folds, and lax neck skin. Candidates are adults in good health with realistic expectations. Non-surgical options exist for milder aging, but a facelift is chosen for more pronounced facial sag.

Techniques vary. Traditional facelifts tighten the SMAS layer or deeper structures with incisions around the ears and sometimes beneath the chin. Alternatives include MACS lifts or short-scar techniques for limited areas, and neck lifting may be combined for improved contour.

The procedure is typically performed under general anesthesia or sedation and may last 2–6 hours. It is usually done in an outpatient facility or hospital. Incisions are closed with sutures or staples, and dressings are applied.

Recovery usually involves swelling and bruising for about 1–2 weeks. Most people resume normal activities within a few weeks. Final results appear over several months; the effects can last several years but aging continues.

Risks include hematoma, infection, nerve injury causing facial weakness or asymmetry, numbness, scarring, and changes in hairline. Complications are uncommon but can occur; avoiding smoking and following post-operative care reduces risk.

Candidates should have realistic goals and be free of uncontrolled medical conditions. The procedure is not a substitute for weight loss, and continued sun protection and skincare are important for longevity.