rhabdomyolízis

Rhabdomyolysis is a serious medical condition characterized by the rapid breakdown of skeletal muscle tissue. When muscle cells, known as myocytes, are damaged, they release their contents into the bloodstream. This includes proteins like myoglobin and electrolytes such as potassium.

The causes of rhabdomyolysis are varied and can include extreme physical exertion, trauma, certain medications, infections, toxins, and genetic muscle disorders. Symptoms can range from mild muscle pain and weakness to severe muscle tenderness, fever, nausea, vomiting, and confusion. A hallmark sign, though not always present, is dark, tea-colored urine due to the presence of myoglobin.

The breakdown products released into the circulation can overwhelm the kidneys, leading to acute kidney injury or even kidney failure. The elevated potassium levels can also cause dangerous heart rhythm disturbances. Diagnosis is typically made through blood tests that show elevated levels of muscle enzymes, particularly creatine kinase (CK), and urine tests to detect myoglobin.

Treatment focuses on preventing kidney damage and addressing the underlying cause. This often involves aggressive intravenous fluid resuscitation to help the kidneys flush out the harmful substances. Electrolyte imbalances are also corrected. Prompt medical attention is crucial to manage this potentially life-threatening condition and minimize long-term complications.