respondenten

Respondenten (singular: respondent) are individuals who provide information in research studies, surveys, interviews, or administrative inquiries. They are the primary source of self-reported data, such as opinions, behaviors, attitudes, or demographic characteristics. In statistical practice, the characteristics of respondenten are described and used to infer properties of a larger population. Respondenten are selected according to a sampling design, which may be probability-based or non-probability-based, to achieve representativeness. A key concern is nonresponse: not all invited individuals participate, which can lead to response bias if respondents differ systematically from nonrespondents. Researchers address this through follow-up contacts, incentives, and statistical adjustments such as weighting or imputation.

Data collection methods include questionnaires, interviews (face-to-face, telephone, or online), and mixed methods. Respondent responses are often self-reported and can be subject to biases such as social desirability, recall error, or misunderstanding of questions. Ethical standards require informed consent, voluntary participation, and protection of confidentiality. When dealing with sensitive information, data are anonymized or pseudonymized and handled according to privacy regulations such as GDPR in the European context.

In official statistics and market research, respondenten describe a key unit of observation. The quality of findings depends on the response rate, questionnaire design, sampling frame, and data processing. Misinterpretations or measurement errors among respondenten can affect estimates and conclusions, making rigorous data collection and analysis essential.