reorderpunkter

Reorderpunkter, or reorder points, are inventory thresholds used to trigger replenishment orders in inventory management. They represent the on-hand stock level at which a new order should be placed to prevent stockouts during the lead time to receive the replenishment.

In a continuous review system, an order is issued as soon as the on-hand inventory falls to or below the reorder point. The reorder point balances the risk of running out against the cost of holding extra stock. In practice, the ROP is determined from the expected demand during lead time, plus a safety buffer to account for uncertainty.

The basic deterministic form is ROP = d × L + SS, where d is the average demand per period, L is the lead time, and SS is safety stock. Safety stock compensates for variability in demand or lead time and helps maintain the desired service level. In probabilistic models, the reorder point is set to cover lead-time demand up to a chosen service level, often expressed as ROP = μDL + zα × σDL, with μDL the mean lead-time demand, σDL its standard deviation, and zα the corresponding z-score for the service level.

Key considerations include the variability of demand, lead time consistency, and desired service level. Reorder points influence both stockouts and carrying costs and are commonly managed within ERP or dedicated inventory systems, often adjusted as forecasts, supplier performance, or demand patterns change.

Dynamic, data-driven adjustment of reorder points helps align replenishment with real-world conditions, promoting reliable availability while controlling inventory expenditure.