rehydrating

Rehydrating is the process of restoring fluid and electrolyte balance after dehydration. It is commonly required after illness with vomiting or diarrhea, after prolonged sweating, fever, or insufficient fluid intake. The objective is to replace lost water and essential minerals, particularly sodium and potassium, to support normal circulation, temperature regulation, and bodily functions.

The main approach is oral rehydration therapy (ORT), which uses solutions that contain water, salts, and sugar to promote absorption in the small intestine. Commercial oral rehydration solutions are preferred for moderate to significant fluid loss. In situations where ORT is not possible, or if vomiting prevents keeping fluids down, intravenous rehydration in a clinical setting may be necessary. For mild dehydration, clear fluids or beverages with electrolytes can help, but drinks with high sugar and low electrolyte content are less effective.

Sports drinks and other beverages can aid mild dehydration related to exercise, but they may not provide optimal electrolyte balance for more substantial losses. Plain water alone can suffice for small fluid deficits but should be used carefully during illness to avoid diluting body salts excessively in severe dehydration.

When to seek care: severe dehydration is a medical emergency. Signs include very dry mouth, extreme thirst, very little or no urination, sunken eyes, rapid heartbeat, confusion, or fainting. Infants and young children require prompt medical assessment if dehydration is suspected. For persistent symptoms, inability to keep fluids down, or if there is blood in vomit or stool, seek medical attention.

Prevention focuses on regular fluid intake during heat, illness, or exercise, and using electrolyte-containing beverages when losses are substantial.