rehydraatioliuoksia

Rehydraatioliuoksia, commonly referred to as rehydration solutions, are liquids formulated to restore body fluids and electrolyte balance after dehydration caused by illness, heat, or injury. They are used in medical care and in home settings to treat or prevent dehydration and to support recovery.

Two main types exist: oral rehydration solutions (ORS) designed to be consumed and intravenous fluids administered when oral intake is not possible or dehydration is severe. ORS typically contain water, sodium, potassium, bicarbonate or citrate, and carbohydrate such as glucose to aid absorption. Intravenous options include isotonic saline and lactated Ringer's solution. Some formulations emphasize lower osmolarity to reduce stool output and improve tolerance in gastroenteritis.

The effectiveness relies on the intestinal glucose–sodium co-transport mechanism, which promotes water absorption and helps replace both fluids and electrolytes. The recommended formulations balance electrolytes and carbohydrates to correct losses from diarrhea and vomiting while avoiding excessive osmolar load that could worsen symptoms. Low-osmolarity ORS with modest sodium content are widely advised for children and adults with gastroenteritis.

Indications include acute gastroenteritis, diarrheal illness, vomiting, heat-related dehydration, and conditions causing fluid loss. ORS are especially important for children, but are used in adults as well. Severe dehydration or ongoing vomiting may require intravenous fluids and medical supervision.

In emergencies, homemade rehydration solutions can be prepared with safe water and measured amounts of salt and sugar following guidelines (for example, roughly one liter of water with half a teaspoon of salt and six level teaspoons of sugar). Avoid plain water or heavily sweet drinks as primary rehydration; seek care if dehydration is severe or persistent.

This article provides a general overview of rehydraatioliuoksia and is not a substitute for professional medical advice.