reformage

Reformage, in the context of petroleum refining, is a catalytic reforming process that converts low-octane naphtha into higher-octane gasoline blending components. The operation rearranges hydrocarbon structures and dehydrogenates cycloalkanes to produce aromatic compounds, increasing octane ratings and yielding hydrogen as a byproduct.

Process and catalysts: The reaction occurs on noble-metal catalysts (primarily platinum, often with promoters such as rhenium) supported on acidic carriers (alumina or silica-alumina). Feedstock is typically light naphtha; the reactor train operates at high temperature and moderate pressure. A controlled amount of hydrogen is supplied to suppress coke formation and influence reaction pathways. Reforming is typically carried out in several reactors in series with periodic catalyst regeneration to remove coke.

Reactions involved include dehydrogenation of cycloalkanes to aromatics, isomerization of paraffins, and cyclization with dehydrogenation to form aromatics. The main product is reformate, a high-octane gasoline blending stock rich in aromatics such as benzene, toluene, and xylenes; light gases and hydrogen are also produced. Modern units may be configured to minimize sulfur sensitivity and to integrate with other refinery processes such as hydrodesulfurization.

History and variants: Early reforming processes were developed in the mid-20th century and remain a core refinery technology. Variants emphasize different operating goals, such as maximizing aromatics yield or producing hydrogen-rich gas for downstream units. The term reformage is commonly used in French and other languages to describe catalytic reforming.

Usage and importance: Reformage remains a standard method to raise refinery gasoline octane and to supply aromatic feedstocks for petrochemical production, though environmental considerations and changing feedstock markets influence unit design and operation.